The West has pushed China’s cable champion out of allied projects, splitting the subsea cable industry into rival technology camps. But an ageing fleet of specialised ships determines how quickly damaged cables can be repaired.
Central banks seek less dependence on the dollar, but diversification has limits. The deeper challenge is gaining control over how reserves are priced, held, and settled.
Vessel behaviour, route choices, port calls, and supply-chain performance have all been affected by the crisis, with implications extending far beyond the immediate conflict zone.
